Pulses form stable dietary components for majority of population across the world. Different people consume pulses in different ways like Uncooked, Soaked, and cooked or only cooked without soaking. All these processing techniques lead to changes in the NUTRITIONAL value of the pulses. Studies have also reported that in addition to NUTRITIONAL components like Proteins, Carbohydrates, and fats, pulses also contain anti-NUTRITIONAL components like Lectins, Tannins, and Polyphenols that greatly interfere with digestion of pulses in the human intestine. Hence in the current study a comprehensive review is being compiled to evaluate the NUTRITIONAL and antiNUTRITIONAL aspects of pulses and effect of processing methods on invitro protein and starch digestibility of the pulses.

Background and Objectives: Lifestyle factors, and particularly diet, play an important role in the development and control of metabolic syndrome. Accordingly, this study was aimed to assess NUTRITIONAL intake and obesity INDICES of patients with metabolic syndrome in Tabriz. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 65 patients (20 males and 45 females) with metabolic syndrome (according to WHO criteria), referred to endocrinal glands and metabolism clinic of Sina hospital of Tabriz were participated. Obesity INDICES including weight, body composition and triceps skinfold thickness was measured and NUTRITIONAL intakes were determined.Results: The mean of BMI, body fat, fat free mass and triceps skin fold thickness were 30.4±4.8 kg/m², %34.2±9.1, %65.7±9.7 and 29.4±7.7mm, respectively. According to BMI and body fat percentage, %89.2 and %63.1 of participants were overweight and obese respectively.Proportion of protein, carbohydrate and fat from energy were 13.5%, 46% and 40.5%, respectively. Dietary intake of energy, protein and fat were adequate, however, dietary fiber intake was less than recommended values in 97% of participants. Conclusion: Because of high prevalence of obesity and imbalanced diet, NUTRITIONAL education is required to improve the lifestyle.

Evaluation of vineyards NUTRITIONAL status using nutrition INDICES in Khodabande region

Olive is one of the most important agricultural products in Qazvin Province, which has the second highest production in Iran. However, unbalanced fertilization is the main reason for disruption and disturbance in the NUTRITIONAL balance and low yield in olive orchards. Increasing the yield is possible if there is a balance between the nutrients in the plant. In order to optimize the use of fertilizers and to diagnose NUTRITIONAL disorders, the use of NUTRITIONAL INDICES seems to be necessary. This study was conducted in 80 olive orchards in Tarom city in Qazvin province (Iran) for three years. Soil and leaf samples were taken and analyzed as the standard method. In September, harvesting was performed and yield was measured. Then, the nutrient INDICES for the orchards were determined by Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) and Deviation from Optimum Percentage (DOP) diagnosis methods. Based on the average calculated yields by both methods, the studied orchards were classified into two groups of high and low yields. The average optimum concentration of nutrients (reference numbers) for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, copper, and boron was obtained by both methods and the results of the DOP and CND INDICES were compared. The DOP and CND INDICES showed a deficiency of Mg, N, and Ca in most of the studied orchards. Generally, according to the studied INDICES, all orchards with low relative yield were in unbalanced conditions in terms of NUTRITIONAL elements.

Background & objectives: Hypertension is one of the most common public health problems that its prevalence is high among women, especially in menopausal women. NUTRITIONAL awareness has a special place in management of chronic diseases such as hypertension. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship of NUTRITIONAL awareness with hypertension with anthropometric INDICES in menopausal women.Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted on the population consisted of menopausal women with hypertension in the city of Qom in 2014. Of the population, 211 subjects have been selected through multi-stage sampling. The data were collected using demographic information questionnaire; anthropometric INDICES check list and NUTRITIONAL awareness questionnaire through an organized interview after confirmation of the validity and reliability. Data were analyzed by independent T-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and ANOVA in SPSS-16. P-values less than 0.05 were reported as statistically significant.Results: The mean and standard deviation of age in menopausal women was 60.6±8.9 years. Most of the subjects in terms of education and job were illiterate (71.1%) and housekeeper (99.1%). The mean duration of hypertension was 6.2±5.5 years. The mean and standard deviation of NUTRITIONAL awareness in menopausal women was 11.11±2.06. Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant inverse correlation between NUTRITIONAL awareness and systolic blood pressure (r=-0.03, p<0.05) and ‘waist to hip ratio’ (r=-0.215, p<0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, implementation of proper training programs in order to improve NUTRITIONAL awareness is essential for menopausal women and thereby to reduce the incidence of hypertension in this group of society.

Background and Objective: Thalassemia is an inherited disorder which is common in Iran. Most thalassemic patients suffer from growth retardation due to economic and NUTRITIONAL problems. The majority of these patients die because of some chronic problems such as diabetes or cardiovascular disease. NUTRITIONAL assessment and intervention are important for improving the life expectancy and quality of living in thalassemic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the NUTRITIONAL status and hematological INDICES in patients with beta thalassemia major.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 61 thalassemic patients, whom were referred to the Seyed-al-shohada Hospital in Isfahan, were enrolled. Data on the dietary intake (micro-nutrient and macronutrient intake) were obtained by 24-hr Food recall and analyzed with a Food Processor software. Demographic data were obtained by using General Questionnaires. Statistical analyses were performed using student t-test and Pearson correlation.Results: Carbohydrate, protein and fat intakes were significantly lower than the standards (23.2 g, 144.6 g, and 17.4 g vs. 130 g, 49 g, and 30 g, respectively (P<0.05). Most of the micronutrient intakes such as vitamins A, D, and B12, and Zink and calcium were lower than references. Some hematological INDICES such as hemoglobin (11.2±3.5, P<0.05), hematocrit, and ferritin were significantly lower than the standards (32.5±8.6 and 180±45, P<0.01).Conclusions: NUTRITIONAL deficiencies were prevalent in these patients. Therefore, it appears necessary to pay special attention to diet in thalassemic patients.

In this study, the NUTRITIONAL INDICES of Helicoverpa. armigera larvae on five different host plants including cowpea, chickpea, soybean, navy bean and corn were determined in the laboratory. The lowest relative consumption rate (RCR) of the third instar larvae was on cowpea (3.21±0.512). The efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and the relative growth rate (RGR) were the highest on cowpea (6.8±0.004 and 0.243±0.007, respectively). The lowest values of efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and Efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) (2.4±0.002 and 6.9±0.005, respectively) of the fourth instar larvae were observed on corn.The highest ECI and ECD of the fifth instar larvae (23.2±0.010 and 84.5±0.10, respectively) and the sixth instar larvae (26.7±0.017 and 40.5±0.011, respectively) were obtained on cowpea. The Approximate digestibility (AD) of whole larval instars (the third to sixth instars) on different host plants ranged from 28.9±0.024 to 55±0.015, which was the lowest on corn and highest on cowpea. The larvae fed on cowpea showed the highest values of ECI and ECD (20.1±0.002 and 83.4±0.080, respectively) and RGR (7.59±0.15).

In order to evaluate the relationship of NUTRITIONAL balance index (NBI) with yield and quality characteristics of grape, a four year experiment was conducted in Kohgiluyeh-va-Boyerahmad province. The purpose of this study was to determine the NUTRITIONAL elements balance status and its effect on yield and quality of grape in orchards. In this experiment, DRIS norms were established first for grape. The established norms were then used to calculate DRIS INDICES and NUTRITIONAL balance index for those orchards having low yields. Beside, exponential regression analysis was used to evaluate relationship of NBI with yield and quality characteristics of grape. The results showed a negative and significant (at 1% probability level) relationship between NBI and yield. Relationships of NBI with sugar, TSS and TSS/TA were negative that the latest case was significant at 5% probability level. Relationship between NBI and TA was positive but not significant. Based on the obtained results,  the amount of  NBI was high that expressed the imbalanced status of elements the most important factor in reduced grape yield and quality in orchards.